Super Comet – High velocity dinosaur-killer sized comet impact

[巨型彗星:撞击之后].Science.Channel.Super.Comet.After.The.Impact.WS.DSR.XviD-K4RM4.avi (eMule P2P filesharing ED2K link to download the entire discovery / Science channel show – TV-Rip)

I got an estimate from the Earth Impact Effects Program for this show. The show said that the comet’s velocity was 135,000+mph and it was 8 miles in size and its impact produced a 60 mile transient crater, 100 mile final crater, and at the end, the pool of lava was 125 miles and had an instant-incineration radius of 1000 miles (this computation had incineration out to about 1100 miles). I think the trumpet judgments in revelation chapter 8 (Christian Holy Bible) may be a similar impact of a smaller comet fragmented in two large chunks (2nd and 3rd trumpet) and the 3rd chunk shattered in tiny pieces (first trumpet). I’m not firm on that belief though. Just the best fit for a fairly ‘natural’ divine judgment phase of the tribulation.

Impact Effects

Match the Science Channel Super Comet Show

Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh, and Gareth Collins

Please note: the results below are estimates based on current (limited) understanding of the impact process and come with large uncertainties; they should be used with caution, particularly in the case of peculiar input parameters. All values are given to three significant figures but this does not reflect the precision of the estimate. For more information about the uncertainty associated with our calculations and a full discussion of this program, please refer to this article

Your Inputs:

Distance from Impact: 1625.00 km = 1009.12 miles
Projectile Diameter: 12875.00 m = 42230.00 ft = 8.00 miles
Projectile Density: 1000 kg/m3
Impact Velocity: 60.50 km/s = 37.57 miles/s
Impact Angle: 60 degrees
Target Density: 1000 kg/m3
Target Type: Liquid Water of depth 300.00 meters, over typical rock.

Energy:

Energy before atmospheric entry: 2.05 x 1024 Joules = 4.89 x 108 MegaTons TNT
The average interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during the last 4 billion years is 5.4 x 108years

Major Global Changes:

The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
The impact does not make a noticeable change in the Earth’s rotation period or the tilt of its axis.
The impact does not shift the Earth’s orbit noticeably.

Crater Dimensions:

What does this mean?
The crater opened in the water has a diameter of 160 km = 99.7 miles
For the crater formed in the seafloor:
Transient Crater Diameter: 96.6 km = 60 miles
Transient Crater Depth: 34.2 km = 21.2 miles
Final Crater Diameter: 176 km = 109 miles
Final Crater Depth: 1.4 km = 0.871 miles
The crater formed is a complex crater.
The volume of the target melted or vaporized is 14700 km3 = 3520 miles3
Roughly half the melt remains in the crater , where its average thickness is 2 km = 1.24 miles

Thermal Radiation:

What does this mean?
Time for maximum radiation: 4.2 seconds after impact
Visible fireball radius: 47.5 km = 29.5 miles
The fireball appears 6.65 times larger than the sun
Thermal Exposure: 3.49 x 107 Joules/m2
Duration of Irradiation: 3300 seconds
Radiant flux (relative to the sun): 10.6
Effects of Thermal Radiation:

    Clothing ignites

    Much of the body suffers third degree burns

    Newspaper ignites

    Plywood flames

    Deciduous trees ignite

    Grass ignites

Seismic Effects:

What does this mean?The major seismic shaking will arrive at approximately 325 seconds.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 10.4 (This is greater than any earthquake in recorded history)
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 1625 km:

    IV. Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. At night, some awakened. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. Sensation like heavy truck striking building. Standing motor cars rocked noticeably.

    V. Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. Unstable objects overturned. Pendulum clocks may stop.

Ejecta:

What does this mean?The ejecta will arrive approximately 666 seconds after the impact.
Average Ejecta Thickness: 18.1 cm = 7.13 inches
Mean Fragment Diameter: 748 micrometers = 29.5 1/1000 of an inch

Air Blast:

What does this mean?The air blast will arrive at approximately 4920 seconds.
Peak Overpressure: 149000 Pa = 1.49 bars = 21.2 psi
Max wind velocity: 233 m/s = 521 mph
Sound Intensity: 103 dB (May cause ear pain)
Damage Description:

    Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.

    Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.

    Highway truss bridges will collapse.

    Glass windows will shatter.

    Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.

Tell me more…Click here for a pdf document that details the observations, assumptions, and equations upon which this program is based. It describes our approach to quantifying the important impact processes that might affect the people, buildings, and landscape in the vicinity of an impact event and discusses the uncertainty in our predictions. The processes included are: atmospheric entry, impact crater formation, fireball expansion and thermal radiation, ejecta deposition, seismic shaking, and the propagation of the atmospheric blast wave.


Earth Impact Effects Program Copyright 2004, Robert Marcus, H.J. Melosh, and G.S. Collins
These results come with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY

Impact Effects

Mini 2km comet-fragment

with energy equalling 125% of that of 200,000 5-megaton nukes at recommended velocity (50 km/s instead of 60.5) and slightly shallower 45 angle into deeper ocean – 2nd trumpet)

Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh, and Gareth Collins

Please note: the results below are estimates based on current (limited) understanding of the impact process and come with large uncertainties; they should be used with caution, particularly in the case of peculiar input parameters. All values are given to three significant figures but this does not reflect the precision of the estimate. For more information about the uncertainty associated with our calculations and a full discussion of this program, please refer to this article

Your Inputs:

Distance from Impact: 400.00 km = 248.40 miles
Projectile Diameter: 2000.00 m = 6560.00 ft = 1.24 miles
Projectile Density: 1000 kg/m3
Impact Velocity: 50.00 km/s = 31.05 miles/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Density: 1000 kg/m3
Target Type: Liquid Water of depth 1000.00 meters, over typical rock.

Energy:

Energy before atmospheric entry: 5.24 x 1021 Joules = 1.25 x 106 MegaTons TNT
The average interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during the last 4 billion years is 5.4 x 106years

Major Global Changes:

The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
The impact does not make a noticeable change in the Earth’s rotation period or the tilt of its axis.
The impact does not shift the Earth’s orbit noticeably.

Crater Dimensions:

What does this mean?
The crater opened in the water has a diameter of 32.2 km = 20 miles
For the crater formed in the seafloor:
Transient Crater Diameter: 13.1 km = 8.11 miles
Transient Crater Depth: 4.62 km = 2.87 miles
Final Crater Diameter: 18.3 km = 11.4 miles
Final Crater Depth: 0.71 km = 0.441 miles
The crater formed is a complex crater.
The volume of the target melted or vaporized is 5.03 km3 = 1.21 miles3
Roughly half the melt remains in the crater , where its average thickness is 37.6 meters = 123 feet

Thermal Radiation:

What does this mean?
Time for maximum radiation: 0.697 seconds after impact
Visible fireball radius: 22 km = 13.6 miles
The fireball appears 12.5 times larger than the sun
Thermal Exposure: 8.39 x 106 Joules/m2
Duration of Irradiation: 448 seconds
Radiant flux (relative to the sun): 18.7 (Flux from a burner on full at a distance of 10 cm)
Effects of Thermal Radiation:

    Much of the body suffers third degree burns

    Newspaper ignites

    Plywood flames

    Deciduous trees ignite

    Grass ignites

Seismic Effects:

What does this mean?The major seismic shaking will arrive at approximately 80 seconds.
Richter Scale Magnitude: 8.1
Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 400 km:

    VI. Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.

    VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken.

Ejecta:

What does this mean?The ejecta will arrive approximately 296 seconds after the impact.
At your position the ejecta arrives in scattered fragments
Average Ejecta Thickness: 4.05 mm = 0.159 inches
Mean Fragment Diameter: 2.99 mm = 0.118 inches

Air Blast:

What does this mean?The air blast will arrive at approximately 1210 seconds.
Peak Overpressure: 46000 Pa = 0.46 bars = 6.53 psi
Max wind velocity: 91.8 m/s = 205 mph
Sound Intensity: 93 dB (May cause ear pain)
Damage Description:

    Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.

    Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.

    Glass windows will shatter.

    Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.

Tell me more…Click here for a pdf document that details the observations, assumptions, and equations upon which this program is based. It describes our approach to quantifying the important impact processes that might affect the people, buildings, and landscape in the vicinity of an impact event and discusses the uncertainty in our predictions. The processes included are: atmospheric entry, impact crater formation, fireball expansion and thermal radiation, ejecta deposition, seismic shaking, and the propagation of the atmospheric blast wave.


Earth Impact Effects Program Copyright 2004, Robert Marcus, H.J. Melosh, and G.S. Collins
These results come with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY
Google
 
Web www.greatinca.net

One Response to “Super Comet – High velocity dinosaur-killer sized comet impact”

  1. Marshall Beeber Says:

    Scientific Scenario Of A Comet’s Impact With Earth And The “Wormwood” Prophecy

    An Introduction

    In the First Century AD, the Apostle John wrote an apocalyptic book called “Revelation” in which he described among many “end-time” events the collision of a star called Wormwood with Earth. Revelation states:

    Rev. 8:10-11: The third angel sounded his trumpet, and a great star, blazing like a torch, fell from the sky on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water– the name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters turned bitter, and many people died from the waters that had become bitter.

    Wormwood is a botanical herb commonly known for its bitterness. See Botanical.com. It was used a pesticide, medicinal tonic and liqueur ingredient. The term “wormwood” was often used to describe “extreme bitterness”.

    Let us consider the possibility of a “star” turning the waters bitter on Earth. The term “star” in classical terminology lacks the modern astronomical sense. It could have been referring to a comet. asteroid, “sun-like” star or planet. Since the possibility of a planet or sun colliding with earth is infinitesimal, we will eliminate this possibility.

    A Scientific Explanation For The Wormwood Star

    The Wormwood prophecy cites a “great star, blazing like a torch”. Comets are well known for their blazing tails, due to ionization of their gases by the Sun. Either an asteroid or comet could manifest a blazing tail on their entry into Earth’s atmosphere. With respect to a comet’s impact with a planet, astronomers have recently tracked the collision of the “Shoemaker-Levy 9″ comet with the planet Jupiter and were able to confirm many of their theories.

    Various scientific scenarios have been theorized on the effects of an asteroid or comet’s collision with Earth. An applicable scenario theorizes a chemical change in the atmosphere due to “heat shock” during entry and/or impact of a large asteroid or comet, reacting Oxygen and Nitrogen in the atmosphere to produce Nitric Acid rain. The bitterness produced by the Wormwood Star upon a third of the Earth’s potable waters could be the Biblical prediction of “acid rain” from the “heat shock” of a large comet or asteroid’s impact with Earth.

    The Hooper Natural Science Museum in Ottawa, Canada cites a scientific theory that postulates “atmospheric chemical changes” from the impact of an asteroid or comet with the Earth. See the statement below:

    When an asteroid enters earth’s atmosphere there are two occurrences of extreme shock. The first occurs as the asteroid enters the atmosphere. The second, more important one, occurs when the ejecta plume (the ejected debris caused by an impact) enters the atmosphere (Zahnle, 1990). This shock causes the breakdown of the oxygen (O2) and the nitrogen (N2) molecules found in our atmosphere. Through a series of chemical reactions the dissociation of the nitrogen and oxygen forms NO which is then converted into NO2. These two molecules can produce acid rain (HNO3) (Prinn and Fegley, 1987). In 1987 Prinn and Fegley determined the atmospheric consequences of a “large” comet impact versus a “small” comet impact. They assumed the “large” impact comet had a mass of 1.25 x 1016 Kg traveling at a velocity of 65 Km/s. As for the “small” impact asteroid, they assumed it had a mass of 5 x 1014 Kg traveling at a velocity of 20 Km/s. It is important to note that these two objects are possible bolides that hit the earth 65 million years ago.

    Conclusions of the Large Impact Scenario

    If the comet scenario occurred, 7 x 1040 molecules of NO would have been produced and subsequently converted into acid rain. (See chemical reactions) This would have caused a global dispersal of acid rain with a pH of 0-1.5. On the continents the acid rain would have weathered the soil removing many of the insoluble elements ( for e.g. Be+2, Al+3, Hg+2, Cu+, Fe+2, Fe+3, Ti+3, Pb+2, Cd+2, Mn+2, Sr+2). These elements would end up in soil water, streams, rivers, lakes, etc., causing a problem as some of these elements are known for their toxicity towards plants and animals (e.g. Al, Be, Ti, Hg). As for the oceans, the global acid rain would lower the pH of the mixed layer (the top 75 M of the ocean) to a pH of 7.8, breaking down the calcareous shells of organisms that thrive in the mixing zone.

    Conclusions of the Small Impact Scenario

    If the “small” asteroid scenario were to occur, the amount of acid rain produced would be similar to the “large” comet scenario but only near the impact site. The global pH change would be rather insignificant.

    Above statement is referred to Reference Link #4 (Hooper Museum Website)

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, the scientific scenario theorizing “acid rain” following a large comet or asteroid impact with Earth is the best explanation for the “Wormwood Star” prophecy existing today. Such information enhances the credibility of the “Wormwood Star” prophecy and New Testament writings with scientific theory.

    Referring Links

    Below are various links discussing asteroids and comets. I have focused particularly on the scientific scenarios of a comet or asteroid colliding with Earth, causing chemical changes in the atmosphere.

    “Academy of Sciences” website article describes comets.

    “Purdue Univ. Physics Dept.” article on physical attributes of comets.

    Hayden Planetarium website analysis of 1994 comet collision with the planet Jupiter.

    Hooper Museum website article predicting “atmospheric chemical changes” with the impact of a comet.

    Smithsonian/NASA article on possible “acid rain” effect of comet’s collision with Earth.

    “Univ. of Bristol, Bristol, UK” website article on impact geology, physics and chemistry of comets.

Leave a Reply